Theory Integration: A Holistic Model of Psychotherapy

Theory Integration: A Holistic Model of Psychotherapy
by John R. Martins Ph.D.

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Theory Integration: A Holistic Model of Psychotherapy is a book that speaks to the complex processes involved in becoming a professional health care provider. It is not a textbook or a cookbook on how to become a professional counselor. It is a book that provides a map for those taking the journey to professionalism.

The book was written for professional counselors, social workers, and clinical psychologists. Laypeople, interested in learning more about the therapeutic process will also find the book enlightening. The author explores how his personal belief system, the clients’ needs, and best practice research interface in the development of a counselor/psychotherapist. You are invited to become an active participant in the process by engaging in the experiential activities interwoven throughout the book. A dramatization, Chapter Five, illustrates how an integrated analytical/existential counseling theory was transformed into a working therapeutic model. Chapter Six is designed for the reader to conceptualize the dramatization unfolding in a manner congruent with one’s own theoretical perspective

You are invited to use Theory Integration: A Holistic Model of Psychotherapy as a guide for your ongoing journey as a professional.

Dr. John R. Martins is an Associate Professor of counseling at Roosevelt University in Chicago. He received his Ph.D. in Counselor Education from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. His postdoctoral internship was in mental health and behavioral medicine. Dr. Martins is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor.

Dr. Martins has had a part-time private practice since 1982. During the mid-eighties, he worked extensively with clients diagnosed with AIDS. He has been a full time professor for thirty-one years. Currently, he chairs the Professional Counselor Licensing and Disciplinary Board in Illinois. His current research interests focus on the integration of alternative healing methods with traditional Western psychotherapy. He is a student in the Healing the Light Body School of The Four Winds Society.

Introduction
Chapter 1
The Therapist: Philosophical and Research Perspective	9
Philosophical Orientation	11
Personal Philosophical Beliefs	12
Research Perspective	15
Phenomenology Research Paradigm	16
Existential, Listening, and Phenomenological Research	17
Ground Theory	18
Clients as Research Subjects and the Expansion of Theory	19
Subjects	23
The Quest for a Philosophical Driven Theoretical Model-- Revisited	24
Chapter 2
The Client: Cultural and Developmental Issues of HIV Positive, Gay Men	27
A Personal Statement on Cultural Awareness	28
A Personal Statement on Cultural Awareness and Stereotyping	29
Cultural Issues	30
Homosexuality and Majority Culture	30
Gay Culture	32
Gay Culture, Race, and Ethnicity	36
African Americans	37
Asian Americans	39
Latino Americans	40
Developmental Issues	42
Gay Identity Models---Coming Out of the Closet	44
Developmental Issues Related to Spirituality and Religion	49
Developmental Issues Related to a Gay Identity and HIV Infection	50
Grieving	54
Counseling	57
Sexual Identity Formation	57
Spirituality and Religious Conflict	58
Grief	62
Suicide	64
Prevention of HIV Infections	65
Chapter 3
The Modified Theory: Integrated Analytical/Existential Theoretical Model (Primary Theoretical Model)	69
Introduction	69
Section One: Summary of Theoretical Issues Related to the Integrated Theoretical Model	70
Strata of the Psyche	72
Collective Unconscious and Archetypes	72
Personal Unconscious	73
Ego-Consciousness	73
Development of the Psyche	74
Transcendence	74
Spirituality	75
Jung’s View	76
Frankl’s View	76
Controversy Resolution	77
Ken Wilber: Developmental Model for Spectrum of Consciousness	77
Spectrum of Consciousness	78
Basic Structure	79
Developmental Process	81
Archetypes and Development: Carol Pearson	82
Archetypes of the Hero’s Journey	83
Ego, Soul, and Self	85
Life Stages	86
Existentialism: Four Anxiety Producing Encounters	89
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross: Death, Dying, and Transcendence	92
Section Two: Integrated Theoretical Model	94
Model of the Mind	95
Integrated Developmental Model: Wilber and Pearson	96
Existential Tenets and Development	98
Section Three: Psychological Development in Terminally Ill, Gay Men	101
Integrated Theoretical Model and Psychological Development	101
Kubler-Ross and the Stages of Counseling	107
Chapter 4
The Whole Person: Integrated Theoretical Model (Secondary Theoretical Model)	111
Integrated Theoretical Model	114
Body	115
Mind	115
Soul	116
Philosophical Background for Determinism, Will, and Transcendence	116
Classical Antiquity	119
Medieval Christianity	120
Scholasticism	120
Science	120
Renaissance	121
Modern Period	121
Postmodern	121
Integrated Counseling Model	122
Determinism	122
Will	122
Transcendence	122
An Expanded Review of the Modern Period: Philosophical Foundation for Determinism, Will, and Transcendence	122
Cognitive-Behaviorism	123
Existential-Humanism	124
Transcendence	124
Suggested Readings	125
Philosophical Beliefs, Theoretical Orientations, and Integration	128
Chapter 5
Therapist and Client Dialogue: Dragon Fighting	129
Chapter 6
Putting it all Together: Experiential Activities for Personal Awareness and Professional Growth	187
Introduction	187
Identifying One’s Philosophical Beliefs	187
Bimodal Theoretical Conceptualization Model	191
Dragon Fighting and Theory Application	196
Existentialism	196
Analytical Theory	197
Personalized Theoretical Orientation	199
Dragon Fighting and Best Practice	207
Enrichment Activities: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Culture	212
Consciousness-Raising Questions	213
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Web Sites	214
References	216
Appendix A	230
Appendix B	233